knippers helbig : expo boulevard shanghai

'expo boulevard'


serving as the main entrance to the world expo 2010 site, the 'expo boulevard' is covered
by a membrane roof with total surface area of 65,000m2. in addition to having a free span
of almost 100 m, the roof, located on the south side of the huangpu river, is carried by
19 interior and 31 exterior masts and by six funnel shaped framework shells consisting
of steel and glass. it has a height of 45 m and a free projection of 80 m. these so called
sun valleys direct natural light into the basements of the 'expo boulevard'.

the design and development of the 'mega structure' roof was completed by
knippers helbig advanced engineering, a german company specializing in lightweight
roof constructions. meanwhile, the design of the boulevard was the winning competition
entry by architectural practice SBA from stuttgart.



funnel shaped framework shells


the membrane roof obtained its current shape through three fundamental steps of
development. first, the structuring of the large scale triangles did not only take static
demands into consideration, but also accounted for numerous constraints imposed
by streets, bridges and tram stations, which were already allocated in the layout.
this overall planning also had a restrictive impact on the height of the exterior columns.



masts


with the help of wind suction cables and hangers, the centre masts minimize the distortion
of the membrane during strong wind conditions and bear a major part of the vertical loads.
the inner connection rings and double layered membrane serve to distribute weight and
re-inforce the membrane at the inner load concentration points.



mast detail


there are up to nine main cables connected to the head of a mast. the membrane is fixed
to each sun valley at a couple of points in order to fit it tightly around the funnel.
the reliable transition of the bearing loads at the back stays and at the foot of the masts
posed a particular challenge for the designers as every modification of the geometry
implied a change in the distribution of forces within the membrane.



funnel framework made from steel and glass


the head and the foot of the masts consist of cast steel mounted on ball bearings.
the connection plates are up to 2 m long to avoid the collision of fork connectors.
the shaft of the mast head and the connection plate are made of one cast to simplify
the assembly process.



detail


during heavy rain periods, the roof structure basically drains the water towards
the inner masts. to counteract accumulation of components. an additional membrane
is used to constitute the link between the inner ring and the lower drainage point called
the 'feed hopper'. in doing this, the main membrane is more than four meters away from
the visitors; and backwater or packing of snow can not cause damage on the main
roof structure.



interior

funnel opening



construction shots of 'expo boulevard'






detail





construction of the building frame






workers cleaning the glass






drainage system




diagram showcasing load bearing points of cable membrane



elevation view



cross section view



details of inner mast



mast diagram



sun valley profile