fondazione prada unveils major retrospective of italian artist domenico gnoli in milan

‘domenico gnoli’ at fondazione prada milan

until february 27, 2022, fondazione prada’s podium in milan hosts a two-floor exhibition on the practice of italian painter and stage designer domenico gnoli (rome, 1933 – new york, 1970). conceived by the late germano celant, the retrospective brings together over 100 works produced by the artist between 1949 and 1969, complemented by as many drawings. alongside his accomplishments as a set designer and illustrator, gnoli is known for his analytical paintings, which exist at the intersection of minimalism, hyperrealism and pop art. these large-scale works focus on details of human bodies or objects, accentuating their inherent sensuality and energy. the unexpected appearance on the canvas of apparently incongruous elements, such as busts, locks of hair, shoes, armchairs, drawers, ties and buttons, gives the viewer a slight mental jolt.

his precise painting of physical texture, one that brought out the surfaces, colors and substance of organic and inanimate elements, is also characterized by scrupulous photographic framing. it is a factual approach that ‘puts all things, natural and artificial, on the same plane, expressing an egalitarian desire, the revenge of insignificant and disqualified elements in the ranking of values: the low, the secondary, the auxiliary, the neglectable,’ as celant observed. 

all images, unless stated otherwise: exhibition views of ‘domenico gnoli’ fondazione prada, milano | photos by roberto marossi | courtesy: fondazione prada

artworks in image: in the foreground, from left to right: center part, 1969 | red hair on blue dress, 1969
in the background, from left to right: cravate, 1967 | coat, 1968 | pocket, 1968 | tie, 1968 | bow tie, 1969

artworks in header image: robe verte, 1967 | fermeture éclair (zipper), 1967 | finta pelliccia, 1965 | lady’s feet, 1969 | inside of lady’s shoe, 1969 | lady’s shoe, 1968

painter, THEATER set designer, costume designer and illustrator

developed by design studio 2×4, the two-floor exhibition setting inside the fondazione prada podium in milan harks back to 20th-century museum environments by tracing linear perspectives that divide the exhibition space into a series of monographic units. domenico gnoli’s works are arranged in themed series that reveal how each painting generated other works following a logical development of expression. the retrospective also expands on the insights of those who, in the past, interpreted the artist’s work from an original historical and critical viewpoint, recognizing the inspiration that he drew from the renaissance and highlighting the narrative value of his works.

grandson of domenico gnoli and son of umberto gnoli—both art critics and historians— gnoli initially followed two directions: his work as a theater set designer, costume designer and illustrator, and his pictorial work. in 1955 his sets for william shakespeare’s ‘as you like it’ at the old vic in london had a great success and made him known also in the united states. from 1959, he lived between rome, new york, where he exhibited in several galleries and worked as an illustrator for magazines and publications, paris and london before settling in 1963 in deià on the island of mallorca.

in the foreground, from left to right: male head of hair (capigliatura maschile), 1966 | portrait de louis p., 1967

in the background, from left to right: wrist watch, 1969 | waist line, 1969 | shoulder, 1969 | red tie knot, 1969

in 1964, the year that robert rauschenberg achieved international recognition by winning the golden lion at the venice biennale, gnoli took a linguistic leap that allowed his analytical painting to emerge alongside his accomplishments as a set designer and illustrator. in a letter the following year, the artist described this turning point in his career: ‘I have always worked [as a painter] as I do now, but it did not attract attention as it was abstraction’s moment. only now, thanks to pop art, has my painting become comprehensible. […] I always employ simple, given elements, I don’t want either to add or take anything away. I have never even wanted to deform; I isolate and represent. my themes come from the world around me, familiar situations, everyday life; because I never actively mediate against the object, I experience the magic of its presence.’

gnoli also felt part of a ‘not eloquent’ tradition of italian painting developed by masaccio and piero della francesca, and passed down via piranesi, de chirico, carrà, severini and campigli. his work was also influenced by great contemporary artists like bacon, balthus, dalí, magritte, shahn and sutherland. as salvatore settis explains, ‘to achieve perfect ineloquence, the impassiveness of things and the suspended magic of an impersonal reality, he had to turn his back on the tradition he loved so much and overturn its hierarchy of values. to deny ‘decoration’ by means of a new exploration of reality through detail.’

domenico gnoli, capigliatura femminile, riga in mezzo n.1,1965 | acrylic and sand on canvas | collezione prada, milano © domenico gnoli, by SIAE 2021

this retrospective is part of the series of exhibitions that fondazione prada has dedicated to artists—such as edward kienholz, leon golub and william copley— whose practice developed along paths and interests that took a different direction from the main artistic trends of the second half of the 20th century. ‘domenico gnoli’ has been realized in collaboration with the artist’s archives in rome and mallorca, which preserve gnoli’s personal and professional heritage. the exhibition is accompanied by a scientific publication published by fondazione prada and designed by irma boom. the book features a new essay written for the exhibition by salvatore settis and two parallel illustrated chronologies that set gnoli in the historical and artistic time in which he worked, providing a reconstruction of the artist’s career and biography.

from left to right: braid, 1969 | curly red hair, 1969 | curl, 1969

domenico gnoli, curl,1969 |acrylic and sand on canvas | private collection courtesy of luxembourg + co © domenico gnoli, by SIAE 2021

from left to right: stripped shirt lapel, 1969 | shirt collar 14 1⁄2, 1969 | red dress collar, 1969 | robe verte, 1967 | fermeture éclair (zipper), 1967 | finta pelliccia, 1965

domenico gnoli, robe verte, 1967| acrylic and sand on canvas | private collection courtesy of luxembourg + co © domenico gnoli, by SIAE 2021

in the foreground, from left to right: lady’s feet, 1969 | inside of lady’s shoe, 1969

in the background, from left to right: due dormienti, 1966 | la robe rouge (buste rouge), 1964

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domenico gnoli, 1963 (paris) | photo by mimì gnoli

from left to right: lady’s feet, 1969 | inside of lady’s shoe, 1969

from left to right: branche de cactus, 1967 | vasca da bagno, bagnarola, 1966

in the foreground: senza titolo (paravento), 1949 circa; in the background, on the wall, from left to right: sketches for open drawer, s’estaca, mallorca, 22 september 1968 | sketch of the palace of culture and science, warsaw, february 1968 | apple, 1968

on the wall: soutien-gorge, 1964

from left to right: spectators, 1966 | passes, 1966 | torero behind a balustrade, 1966 | coup de grâce (mise à mort), 1966 | torero with bull’s ears, 1966

on the wall, from left to right: cape canaveral: glenn boy welcome home, 1962 | cape canaveral: erectors with rockets, 1962 | cape canaveral: mercury control room, 1962 | cape canaveral: restoration, 1962 | cape canaveral: saturn gantry, 1962; in the case, from left to right: 'à ben en souvenir du plus gai, plus élégant, plus dynamique, bref du plus parfait de ses amis! d. g. paris 29–1–64', self­portrait, january 29, 1964 | new york sunday, drawings by domenico gnoli, show, august 1964 | invitation card of the exhibition 'domenico gnoli,' galerie andré schoeller, paris, 1964

from left to right: sofa, 1968 | armchair, 1968 | fauteuil n. 2, 1967 | portrait de santiago martin el viti-homme assis, 1966

from left to right: la taverne, 1963 | a spanish town, set design model for the lily of toledo ballet (the spanish ballet), circa 1957–58

in the foreground, from left to right: la siréne, 1963 | la taverne, 1963 | a spanish town, set design model for the lily of toledo ballet (the spanish ballet), circa 1957–58; in the background, on the wall, from left to right: costume designs for as you like it, 1955 circa | poster of as you like it, play by william shakespeare, old vic company, london, march 1955 | tower, 1955 | la guardia, 1951 | two houses, 1957 | ship of fools (das narrenschiff), 1958 circa | beach scene, 1959 | due paesi, 1958

project info:

name: domenico gnoli

location: fondazione prada milan

conceived by: germano celant

exhibition design: 2×4

duration: october 28, 2021–  february 27, 2022